Biodiversity

In the Barsac vineyards, the vineyard plots are surrounded by low walls made of "Barsac stone" (asteriated limestone), extracted from the surrounding quarries. The soil is reddish in colour.

The hard stone of Barsac, which is very resistant to weathering and which binds well with mortar, was sought after for building houses.

Barsac hard stone was used for the foundations and paving of the Grand Theatre in Bordeaux, built in 1780 by the architect Louis.

A dry stone wall is a wall in which the stones are not held together by a binder (mortar, earth): they are simply stacked in such a way that their shapes match as closely as possible to give the structure stability.
There are therefore gaps and cavities between the stones where organic matter (earth, leaves, etc.) accumulates and decomposes, allowing saxicolous plants to grow and providing food for the animals that settle between the stones.
A dry stone wall therefore provides shelter and food for numerous animal species, including many natural enemies.

Alongside micro-organisms, they play an important role in recycling organic matter and enriching the soil.
Particularly active near root systems, they break up and bury organic residues and play a major role in their decomposition.

The asteriated limestone plateau known as "Haut-Barsac", in the commune of Barsac, covered in sandy colluvium, forming a 40-60 cm layer of red earth. The red colour of the sandy-clay soil is due to the coarse sand with a low clay content that was blown into the region at the end of the Mindelian glaciation.
The asteriated limestone is highly fissured and permeable, and the vine's roots penetrate deep into the cracks in the limestone subsoil, up to more than 10 m, to obtain water and mineral elements.

All 3 statements are correct!
The aim of agroforestry is to reintroduce hedges or trees into farmland. In addition to landscape reasons, farmers can derive economic and environmental benefits by integrating them fully into the farm's cropping system.

Bats even play a very important role in the ecological balance.

Around 70% of the world's bats are insectivores.

Other species act as pollinators, while some are frugivores, dispersing seeds throughout different ecosystems.

94% of dry matter comes from the atmosphere, with three atoms: carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. This is what will give the quantity of crop.

6% of dry matter comes from the soil, with 23 atoms taken from it. This is what will determine the quality of the crop.

The Ciron is a tributary of the Garonne which comes from the Landes de Gascogne, crosses part of the Graves d'Aquitaine and flows into the Garonne at Barsac, just above Langon.

This river, combined with the microclimate of the region, causes morning mists that allow the famous Botrytis Cinerea fungus to develop.

Biodiversity refers to all living organisms and the ecosystems in which they live. The term also includes the interactions of species with each other and with their environment. Although biodiversity is as old as life on Earth, the concept only emerged in the 1980s.

It's the butterfly: Eudemis and Cochylis are among the most damaging pests of the grape bunch.

These two species have several reproductive cycles a year. The damage caused by the caterpillars can be devastating.